Page 74 - ID - Informazioni della Difesa n. 03-2025 - Chiuso

Molybdenum mining
Bluejay Mining GreenRoc Mining Greenland Resources REE exploration/mining Leading Edge Materials NUOVA ROADMAP
Ilmenite (Ti) mining
Graphite mining
Mining/processing of REE
Third, a strengthened ecosystem in the fuel cell and electrolyser industry is a key component of the proposed Tanbreez Grängesberg Exploration PER UNA CATENA
actions. This will lead to measurable impact in terms of cost reduction due to reduced costs in sourcing and Exploration/mining of apatite and REE DEL VALORE
production and improved synergies that drive the R&D efforts in this sector. Staying ahead of the competition Superior Graphite SULLE MATERIE
Production of battery-grade graphite
is crucial in this emerging sector. PRIME
ERMA 2023
REETec
The alternative energy storage & conversion will benefit hugely from R&D-related actions that will translate REO refining Nordic Mining
Rutile (Ti) and garnet mining
into potentially significant GWh to TWh-scale energy storage capacities to cover the seasonal volatility of re- REE Minerals NanoPow SSAB/Neometals
newable energies and ensure strategic energy security. Decisive and timely actions in this sector have the po- REE mining Battery anode material production Vanadium recovery from steel scrap FMG
Battery materials
(CAM and pCAM)
Keliber
tential to establish Europe as a world leader in the field. Advanced materials and storage and conversion solu- Norsk Mineral Mineral Commodities Lithium mining and refining Akku Minerals
REE mining
Graphite mining
tions can furthermore lead to double-digit energy savings in the clean energy sector. Norge Mineraler Graphite mining
Mining of phosphates, titanium and vanadium deposits
While we acknowledge that the increased use of wind energy is central to the European climate goals, questions
regarding the raw materials related to wind power have been covered in previous work by ERMA in the Cluster
1 Action Plan on Rare Earth Magnets and Motors. A summary of the work can be found at the end of this Action
Vacuumschmelze
Plan. REE magnet production

Most ERMA stakeholders identified permitting as one of the most crucial bottlenecks in the development of Pure Battery Technologies NeoPerformance Materials
Battery materials
REE magnet production value chain
domestic resources and processing capacity. The uncertainty associated with the timing and outcomes of the
Saxore Bergbau
permitting process introduces a very high level of risk for potential investors, thus preventing many otherwise Tin, indium, zinc and iron mining
viable projects from being implemented. Many European countries have no time limits for environmental permit Hypromag Adianano
handling, and different aspects of permit applications are often handled by different authorities that work inde- REO production from Battery anode material production
recycled magnets
pendently. While it is absolutely crucial that that public be given the opportunity to scrutinize permit applications Mkango Resources
REE mining and processing
and appeal permit decisions, it is equally crucial that these processes be streamlined. The Critical Raw Materials Orion Engineered Carbons
Act’s intention to streamline and set a strict timeframe for permitting, in line with the recommendations made Acetylene black production Volt Resources
by the ERMA community, is a very welcome positive development. Graphite mining
European Lithium
Lithium mining
ERMA Investment pipeline Mures Magnesium
Aurora Lithium
Lithium mining Magnesium recovery
from waste
To increase Europe’s strategic autonomy in Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion, the EU will need to Savannah Resources Verde Magnesium
Lithium mining
Magnesium metal production
address the entire value chain. This involves the boosting of exploration, mining, separation, and processing and
the building of a circular economy around materials for energy storage and conversion by advancing ecodesign Altilium Metal
Recycling of Li-ion batteries
requirements, waste collection, recycling activities. Today, there is limited primary production within the EU and
for some materials related to energy storage, the EU relies almost entirely on imports. There is also a significant EULiBOR
lack of recycling facilities across Europe which, by 2050, could potentially become the main source for supplying Eramet Lithium and borates mining
Recycling of
an increasing demand for critical raw materials. Li-ion batteries Rio Tinto
Carester Eramet Lithium and borates mining
REO production from Ni-Co sulfate refinery
As of May 2023, ERMA has identified over 50 investment cases targeting materials for energy storage and recycled magnets and pCAM Magneti Arcore
conversion across Europe and beyond and a total investment need exceeding EUR 15 billion (Figure 1). If these REE magnet manufacturing Eramet Ljubljana Lithium and borates mining
MagREESource
REE magnet
Geothermal lithium
projects were realised, a significant percentage amount for some materials could be sourced from the EU by and recycling production production Magnesium For Europe
Magnesium metal production
2030, that is, significantly higher than today and, for some materials, even higher than the targets set in the Rafaella Resources Atlantic Copper Sudmine
Tantalum and
Critical Raw Materials Act. This is illustrated in Figure 2, where global and EU demand and production data for Tungsten mining Cu, Zn, Pb and Ag mining and refining niobium mining TREEE
2020 are compared with forecasted global and EU demand data for 2030 for a selected group of critical and Mining Hill’s Cobre Las Cruces Sanou Koura Recovery of metals from WEEE
Recovery of metals
strategic materials. Tungsten mining Recovery of metals from WEEE from WEEE Circular Materials Torngat
Metal recycling
REE mining
EQ Resources
Tungsten mining Shin Etsu
REE magnets, full process
Distribuzione geografica dei progetti di materie prime attuali e potenziali identificati
Figure 1. Geographic distribution of current and potential raw materials projects identified through the ERMA investment
attraverso la pipeline di investimenti ERMA. Alcuni progetti non sono mostrati su Albemarle
pipeline. Some projects are not shown on this map due to confidentiality, but are included in the ERMA supply data
questa mappa per motivi di riservatezza, ma sono inclusi nei dati di fornitura ERMA Lithium hydroxide production plant
12 reported in this document and in the high-level ERMA investment needs shown in Figures 2 and 4. 3-2025
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